工作需要與人溝通，尤其是主管或經理級以上崗位的管理者，大部分工作時間都放在溝通上了。溝通能力是管理者的一項核心能力，管理者溝通水平決定著工作的效率和效果。如下管理溝通的三要素，是每一(yi)個管理者需要修煉并具備的。

　　管理溝(gou)通的要(yao)素一，溝(gou)通一定要(yao)有目標

　　溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)如果沒(mei)有目(mu)標或(huo)者溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)最終沒(mei)有達(da)成目(mu)標，那么就是(shi)一種無效的(de)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)。在溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)之前，我們需(xu)要清楚(chu)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)的(de)目(mu)標：溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)是(shi)為了傳達(da)某個信息，還是(shi)為了消除分(fen)歧，還是(shi)只是(shi)單純地為了增進感情？知道了目(mu)標，我們才能明確溝(gou)(gou)(gou)通(tong)的(de)重點。

　　管(guan)理溝通的要素二(er)，溝通除了(le)考(kao)慮要傳(chuan)達(da)的內容(rong)之外(wai)，還要考(kao)慮溝通的思想和情感

　　平時(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可(ke)能(neng)比(bi)較注(zhu)重溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞，但事實上(shang)(shang)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還包(bao)括思想和情感(gan)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞。以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)為(wei)例(li)，比(bi)如我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)的(de)(de)主(zhu)題是(shi)如何(he)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)力，那么我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)其實就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)對群體(ti)進行溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)在(zai)課(ke)上(shang)(shang)要傳(chuan)(chuan)遞的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)是(shi)如何(he)提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)自己的(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)力，所(suo)以(yi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)告(gao)訴(su)大家(jia)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)能(neng)力要如何(he)去提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)，這(zhe)是(shi)一(yi)種信(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)達(da)(da)。同時(shi)在(zai)這(zhe)個(ge)傳(chuan)(chuan)達(da)(da)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，也會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)體(ti)現出我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)一(yi)些與溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)內容相關的(de)(de)個(ge)人(ren)思想，更重要的(de)(de)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)情感(gan)在(zai)里面(mian)。比(bi)如我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)上(shang)(shang)課(ke)說話時(shi)非(fei)常興奮，大家(jia)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)被我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)這(zhe)種高漲的(de)(de)熱情所(suo)感(gan)染，課(ke)堂氣氛就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)變(bian)得(de)活躍起來(lai)；反之，如果我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)心情比(bi)較低沉，大家(jia)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)語音語調感(gan)受到了，可(ke)能(neng)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)覺得(de)這(zhe)堂課(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)很壓抑，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)一(yi)心盼望(wang)著早點下(xia)課(ke)。所(suo)以(yi)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)絕不只(zhi)是(shi)內容的(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)還包(bao)括思想和情感(gan)的(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。8以(yi)前我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們可(ke)能(neng)覺得(de)很疑惑：我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們寫的(de)(de)一(yi)份通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知為(wei)什(shen)么上(shang)(shang)司(si)(si)要改來(lai)改去？通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知內容本身只(zhi)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)放假的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知而已，從信(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)達(da)(da)的(de)(de)角度(du)來(lai)講，只(zhi)要放假的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)說清楚就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)了，為(wei)什(shen)么上(shang)(shang)司(si)(si)還要改來(lai)改去呢(ni)？因為(wei)你(ni)的(de)(de)放假通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知沒(mei)有(you)(you)把情感(gan)表達(da)(da)出來(lai)，沒(mei)有(you)(you)祝大家(jia)節日快樂(le)，也沒(mei)有(you)(you)去提(ti)(ti)醒大家(jia)節日期間(jian)要注(zhu)意(yi)安全。當我(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)(wo)們理解了溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)定義，就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)理解上(shang)(shang)司(si)(si)，不然你(ni)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)認(ren)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)司(si)(si)修改你(ni)的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)知很多余。

　　我們常(chang)說，口頭的(de)溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)很容易理解且(qie)帶(dai)有(you)情(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)，但其實書面(mian)的(de)溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)也是帶(dai)有(you)情(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)：書面(mian)溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)中一(yi)句話(hua)怎樣去表(biao)達(da)，用不(bu)(bu)同詞(ci)語會體現出不(bu)(bu)一(yi)樣的(de)情(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)。所以，溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)僅(jin)只(zhi)是把信(xin)息溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)出來(lai)，把我們要表(biao)達(da)的(de)內容溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)出來(lai)，溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)中還夾雜著我們的(de)思想和(he)情(qing)(qing)感(gan)(gan)(gan)。

 　　管(guan)理(li)溝(gou)通的要素三，溝(gou)通是達成共(gong)同協議的過程

　　溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)一定要達成(cheng)共同協議，否則(ze)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)單向傳達而非溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，因(yin)為(wei)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)應該是(shi)(shi)雙向過程。你與人溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，不是(shi)(shi)說你去告訴他就(jiu)可以了，如果(guo)只是(shi)(shi)告訴一聲那(nei)叫“通(tong)(tong)(tong)知”，而我們和(he)別人的溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)最終(zhong)要達成(cheng)一個共識。

　　很(hen)多(duo)時候你(ni)(ni)(ni)會發現(xian)，和別(bie)(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)說了(le)的(de)(de)話，別(bie)(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)并不照你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)意思(si)去(qu)做，你(ni)(ni)(ni)會覺(jue)得很(hen)生氣：“我不是(shi)(shi)(shi)告訴過(guo)你(ni)(ni)(ni)了(le)嗎？”但(dan)對方沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有理(li)解，也沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有認可，不可能(neng)按照你(ni)(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)意思(si)去(qu)做，所(suo)(suo)以歸(gui)根到(dao)底，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)你(ni)(ni)(ni)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)到(dao)位。比如很(hen)多(duo)企業推(tui)行績效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)都達(da)不到(dao)效(xiao)果，原因就(jiu)出在溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)上。無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)做計劃(hua)、輔導(dao)，還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)做考核、改進，都要(yao)(yao)有充分(fen)的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，和員工(gong)達(da)成共同(tong)(tong)(tong)協議，要(yao)(yao)讓員工(gong)理(li)解、認同(tong)(tong)(tong)、接受我們的(de)(de)想法，這(zhe)(zhe)樣才能(neng)將(jiang)績效(xiao)管(guan)(guan)理(li)推(tui)行下去(qu)。這(zhe)(zhe)才叫(jiao)真正的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)卡耐(nai)基說：“所(suo)(suo)謂溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)(tong)步(bu)，每一(yi)(yi)(yi)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都有他(ta)(ta)(ta)獨特的(de)(de)地(di)方，而與人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)交際則要(yao)(yao)求他(ta)(ta)(ta)與別(bie)(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。”為(wei)(wei)什么我們的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)會屢(lv)屢(lv)出現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)？因為(wei)(wei)我們和別(bie)(bie)(bie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)無法做到(dao)同(tong)(tong)(tong)步(bu)。有一(yi)(yi)(yi)位同(tong)(tong)(tong)學對我說，他(ta)(ta)(ta)很(hen)郁悶(men)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)感覺(jue)他(ta)(ta)(ta)和下屬總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)難同(tong)(tong)(tong)步(bu)，這(zhe)(zhe)其實就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)。因為(wei)(wei)每個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)獨特的(de)(de)，下屬站(zhan)在他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)位置，他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)思(si)想、他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)經(jing)歷、他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)能(neng)力都是(shi)(shi)(shi)獨特的(de)(de)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)為(wei)(wei)什么不能(neng)與你(ni)(ni)(ni)同(tong)(tong)(tong)步(bu)？因為(wei)(wei)你(ni)(ni)(ni)們溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有做好，你(ni)(ni)(ni)們沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有在溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)中找(zhao)到(dao)那個同(tong)(tong)(tong)頻(pin)共振的(de)(de)點(dian)，沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有達(da)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)，而沒(mei)(mei)(mei)有達(da)成一(yi)(yi)(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)不叫(jiao)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)，或者說是(shi)(shi)(shi)無效(xiao)的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)。

　　松(song)下幸(xing)之助(zhu)有句名(ming)言(yan)：“企業管理過去(qu)是(shi)(shi)溝通(tong)，現在(zai)是(shi)(shi)溝通(tong)，未(wei)來還是(shi)(shi)溝通(tong)。”我們(men)作為HR、作為管理者(zhe)其實(shi)都(dou)很清楚溝通(tong)的(de)重要(yao)性。有的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)總說他(ta)在(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)際關系方面處理不好；有的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工作多年卻職位不高(gao)、工資不高(gao)，你會(hui)發現他(ta)們(men)與友人(ren)(ren)(ren)聚會(hui)比別人(ren)(ren)(ren)要(yao)少(shao)。很多人(ren)(ren)(ren)做(zuo)事總是(shi)(shi)失(shi)敗，即使很努力(li)也不成功(gong)。這是(shi)(shi)什么原因呢？其實(shi)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)溝通(tong)的(de)問題(ti)，而(er)溝通(tong)的(de)問題(ti)歸結起來主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)個：缺少(shao)溝通(tong)和(he)不會(hui)溝通(tong)。

　　缺少溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)，就是你(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)和(he)別人(ren)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)或(huo)者(zhe)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)的(de)(de)(de)頻率(lv)不(bu)(bu)夠高。為什么工(gong)作(zuo)中會有誤解？因為溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)少，總是各(ge)忙各(ge)的(de)(de)(de)，互相之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)少了(le)，誤會自然就產生了(le)，再要去(qu)達成共識就變得困難。比如我(wo)們和(he)上(shang)(shang)(shang)司之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)，很(hen)多時(shi)候你(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)主動(dong)去(qu)找(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)司匯報，上(shang)(shang)(shang)司也不(bu)(bu)來(lai)找(zhao)你(ni)(ni)(ni)詢(xun)問(wen)工(gong)作(zuo)進度，其實你(ni)(ni)(ni)們之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)就出現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)了(le)。你(ni)(ni)(ni)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)找(zhao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)司匯報，他(ta)(ta)就會覺得你(ni)(ni)(ni)和(he)他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)是同心(xin)同德(de)，或(huo)者(zhe)覺得你(ni)(ni)(ni)沒有思考(kao)，覺得你(ni)(ni)(ni)沒有努(nu)力把心(xin)放在工(gong)作(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)；上(shang)(shang)(shang)司不(bu)(bu)去(qu)找(zhao)下屬溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)，下屬就會覺得他(ta)(ta)這個(ge)崗位(wei)不(bu)(bu)重要，可(ke)有可(ke)無，或(huo)者(zhe)認為他(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)已經做(zuo)到很(hen)好(hao)，這樣下屬就會喪失一些成長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)會，上(shang)(shang)(shang)司也失去(qu)了(le)取得更好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)成果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)會。

　　不(bu)會溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，就是有(you)這個想(xiang)法但沒辦(ban)法表達(da)出來，或者雖然(ran)表達(da)出來卻(que)讓對方誤解了，很(hen)(hen)難(nan)達(da)成共識(shi)，也很(hen)(hen)難(nan)達(da)成溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)目標。很(hen)(hen)多事情辦(ban)不(bu)成，從溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)角(jiao)度來講，不(bu)是溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)頻率不(bu)夠，就是溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)方法不(bu)對。

　　溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是沒有(you)止境的(de)(de)，你(ni)認為(wei)你(ni)的(de)(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)已經很(hen)好(hao)了，但(dan)是當你(ni)和溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)更好(hao)的(de)(de)人相(xiang)比，你(ni)就會發現差(cha)距；很(hen)多(duo)時(shi)候(hou)，你(ni)會發現，你(ni)和這(zhe)種類型的(de)(de)人溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)沒有(you)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)，換(huan)一(yi)種類型的(de)(de)人你(ni)就會覺得(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有(you)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)了；很(hen)多(duo)時(shi)候(hou)，你(ni)在心(xin)情(qing)愉悅的(de)(de)情(qing)況下覺得(de)溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)很(hen)順暢，但(dan)在心(xin)情(qing)煩(fan)躁的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，你(ni)就會發現溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)又有(you)問(wen)題(ti)(ti)了……所以，溝(gou)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是一(yi)項無止境的(de)(de)、值得(de)你(ni)終(zhong)身(shen)磨煉的(de)(de)技能。

　　溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)是為了(le)設定(ding)的目標，把信(xin)息、思想和情感在個人或群體(ti)間傳遞并達(da)成共同協議的過程。如果(guo)有(you)人問，管(guan)(guan)理者(zhe)最重要(yao)(yao)的一項技能是什么？ “溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)！”溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)能力強的管(guan)(guan)理者(zhe)將會(hui)更有(you)效地工作。以上(shang)管(guan)(guan)理溝(gou)(gou)通(tong)的三要(yao)(yao)素希望對我們管(guan)(guan)理者(zhe)有(you)所(suo)幫助(zhu)。